1. Emulators ________________________________________________________________ dataComet documentation. (Rev. 1/27/08) Copyright 1995 databeast, Inc. All Rights Reserved. This document has information on (select and use "Find..." to go to the section): Using ASCII terminal emulators VT220 function key mapping UNIX connections Using dataComet with EMACS Using dataComet with PC-ANSI hosts Using the ASCII menu Using dataComet with the IBM 7171 Using the 3279 emulator (and ASCII IBM key mode) Using the IBM "IBM" menu Using the IBM "3270" menu Using the IBM "5250" menu Using the "VT100" Preferences panel... see "3. Dialogs" "Color" Preferences panel "3. Dialogs" "Keypad" Preferences panel "3. Dialogs" ___________________________________________________ Using ASCII terminal emulators ___________________________________________________ Many hosts use the ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) character set to simplify communication with other computers; for example, a Digital VAX running VMS, almost all UNIX systems, and Macintosh or PC-DOS systems. You can use either VT100, VT102, VT220, Heath-19, or PC-ANSI emulation with these hosts; the VAX requires one of the VT emulators. The buttons at the top and left side of the window provide a convenient method of sending frequently used commands to the host with the mouse. You can set the buttons to send a macro instead of the default VT100 control sequences by clicking on the button while holding the Command key down. You can select text on the screen with the mouse to Copy, Paste, Append, or Print. If the "Views" Preferences panel item "Show cursor-buttons at left of window" is enabled, the cursor is set to button numbers which appear when you move the cursor up and down the left margin of the window. By default, these send key sequences equivalent to the Keypad keys in VT100 Application mode. You can see the labels for the buttons when you click on the '?' control at the top left of the window. If the "Views" Preferences panel item "Show status bar at top of window" is enabled, there are 11 buttons at the top of the emulator window which perform functions useful with hosts which use ASCII terminals: _____________________________________________________ Key Function _____________________________________________________ CR Enter a line of text or a command. LF Send an ASCII Line Feed character. ESC Send an ASCII Escape character. CTL-S Stop transmission to your terminal. CTL-Q Restart transmission to your terminal. DEL Send an ASCII DEL character. Break Send a break. CTL-C Usually used to abort a command. CTL-U Usually used to abort a command. _____________________________________________________ To the right of the buttons are two counters; the left one shows the packets sent to the network, the right one shows the packets received. Moving the mouse over a point on the terminal screen and pressing the mouse button while holding down the Option key moves the terminal cursor to the underlined position. (You can also turn off the "Global" Preferences panel option "Option-click sends cursor motion key sequences" if you want to be able to position the cursor without holding down the Option key.) Please note that if you click again while the cursor is still moving, it will not move to the point you expect it to! If the cursor does not go to the proper position on the first mouse click, try it again; the presence of tabs in the text may cause incorrect positioning. When using the UNIX vi editor, you can use "vi cursor motion" to get around this problem, in addition to speeding the process up. ("vi cursor motion" does have a minor problem in that it does not handle wrapped lines properly.) You can modify ASCII key mapping using options in the "VT100" Preferences panel; the default keymapping has: ` -> Escape Backspace -> Delete ___________________________________________________ VT220 key mapping ___________________________________________________ On the Apple extended keyboard, there are additional function keys available at the top of the keyboard and in between the keyboard and keypad. The "ins", "home", "end", "x->", "page up", and "page down" keys are mapped by default to perform the expected local Mac-like function (i.e, paging and character deletion). To send VT220 keys, hold down the Shift key while pressing the key. You can use the "Keypad" Preferences panel to switch so that the keys send VT220 keys ordinarily and perform the local functions when shifted. You can also use the "Keypad" Preferences panel to control whether the keypad keys function as regular numeric keys or as "Application" keys which send special escape sequences; if you have problems using the keypad with an application, try using this panel to switch the setting. The keys at the top of the keypad are mapped to PF1 - PF4. The keys at the top of the keypad are mapped to F1 - F15 (shift to map F1 -> F13, F2 -> F14, etc., up to F8 -> F20). In VT100 mode the keys send the following sequences: ______________________________________________ Key VT key name Sends ______________________________________________ home FIND \027[1~ help Insert Here \027[2~ X-> Remove \027[3~ end Select \027[4~ page up Prev Screen \027[5~ page down Next Screen \027[6~ clear PF1 (Gold) \027OP = PF2 (Help) \027OQ / PF3 \027OR * PF4 \027OS F1 PF1 (Gold) \027OP F2 PF2 (Help) \027OQ F3 PF3 \027OR F4 PF4 \027OS F5 Print \027OT F6 F6 \027[17~ F7 F7 \027[18~ F8 F8 \027[19~ F9 F9 \027[20~ F10 F10 \027[21~ F11 F11 \027[23~ F12 F12 \027[24~ F13 F13 \027[25~ F14 F14 \027[26~ F15 F15 (Help) \027[28~ ^-F1 F13 \027[25~ ^-F2 F14 \027[26~ ^-F3 F15 \027[28~ ^-F4 F16 (Do) \027[29~ ^-F5 F17 \027[31~ ^-F6 F18 \027[32~ ^-F7 F19 \027[33~ ^-F8 F20 \027[34~ NOTE that the host can also set the function keys using UDK escape sequences. You can also select alternate function key mappings using the "Host menus and function keys" item in the "New..." or "Reconfigure Session..." dialog. ______________________________________________ Application mode keypad ______________________________________________ + \027Ol - \027Om . \027On 0 \027Op 1 \027Oq 2 \027Or 3 \027Os 4 \027Ot 5 \027Ou 6 \027Ov 7 \027Ow 8 \027Ox 9 \027Oy ENTER \027OM ______________________________________________ * '\027' is the Escape character ___________________________________________________ UNIX connections ___________________________________________________ Resizing the terminal window when the host doesn't support Telnet Window Size negotiation: If your host does not have the correct terminal size set after you change the window size, you need to issue the following commands (e.g., where you want to set the size of your window to 50 rows X 80 columns): stty rows 50 columns 80 echo '' The second command clears the screen and resets the terminal's scrolling region to the full size of the screen so all the rows specified will be used before scrolling occurs. To get 8-bit connections: UNIX terminal drivers normally do not pass 8 bit characters. To enable proper handling of ISO-Latin or other character sets which have more than 128 characters, add the following lines to your .cshrc: tty -s if ($status == 0) stty cs8 -istrip -parenb If you don't use csh, add equivalent code to your shell's start up file. (Note that it is necessary to check whether your standard I/O streams are connected to a terminal. Only then should you reconfigure the terminal driver.) ___________________________________________________ Using dataComet with EMACS ___________________________________________________ dataComet offers reliable performance with EMACS editor sessions. "Control-Option" sends a meta-character; "Control-Shift" sends a meta-control-character. You can also use the "VT100" Preferences panel item "Option is Meta Key" to set up the Option key to serve as a Meta Key (see description below). Alternatively, you can set the eight bit of the character to make it a Meta key using the !CM macro, which you need to associate with a key using a key macro. ___________________________________________________ Using dataComet with PC-ANSI hosts ___________________________________________________ Note that you should have the "Comet PC-ANSI" font selected; if this is not the case, box characters will appear as odd characters. (This is ordinarily automatic, but may not be set correctly if you reconfigure a session as a PC-ANSI session after connecting as a VT100). ___________________________________________________ Using the ASCII menu ___________________________________________________ The "ASCII" menu comes up when you are connected to a host as an ASCII terminal. These show the keyboard mapping for ASCII control keys and key shortcuts. The interpretation of these Control Characters depends on the host and application being used. ________________________________________________________________ ASCII Control charactersÉ Hex Name Control- The Usual Effect ________________________________________________________________ $00 "NUL" @ or space $01 "SOH" A $02 "STX" B $03 "ETX" C Abort process (UNIX) $04 "End-of-Trans" D Terminate input (UNIX) $05 "ENO" E $06 "ACK" F $07 "Bell" G Ring the bell $08 "Backspace" H Move backwards and overwrite $09 "Tab" I Tab to next field $0A "Line Feed" J Move down one line $0B "Vertical Tab" K Move to next vertical tab $0C "Form Feed" L Eject page $0D "Return" M Move to beginning of line $0E "Shift-Out" (SO) N Select alternate character set $0F "Shift-In" (SI) O Restore standard character set $10 "DLE" P $11 "XON" Q Resume transmissions (try Control-Q if there's no echo!) $12 "DC2" R $13 "XOFF" S Suspend transmissions $14 "DC4" T $15 "NAK" U $16 "SYN" V $17 "ETB" W $18 "CAN" X $19 "EM" Y $1A "SUB" Z Terminate input (DEC VMS) Suspend process (UNIX) $1B "Escape" [ Terminate input (UNIX vi) Cancel input or screen, usually $1C "FS" \ $1D "GS" ] $1E "RS" 6 $1F "US" _ $7F "Delete" ?, Backspace or Option-Backspace ________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ Using dataComet with the IBM 7171 ___________________________________________________ Use the Heath-19 emulator and turn on the "Use IBM menus and key mapping" option in the "VT100" Preferences panel if you want to communicate with an IBM mainframe through the 7171 ASCII terminal adapter. This mode allows you to run programs such as the XEDIT full-screen editor as if you were using an IBM 3278 terminal. Buttons and menu items are provided which allow you to conveniently send the commands the 7171 accepts as the equivalent of keys on the 3278 terminal. When the 7171 requests your terminal type, type in "C19". (The C19 definition must be loaded into the 7171 configuration for this to work correctly.) ___________________________________________________ Using the 3279 emulator (and ASCII IBM key mode) ___________________________________________________ dataComet provides an emulation of the IBM 3279 color display terminal; it allows you to run programs such as FILELIST or the XEDIT full-screen editor just as if you were using an IBM 3279 terminal. Buttons and menu items are provided which allow the user to conveniently send the commands produced by keys on the 3279 terminal. Moving the mouse over a point on the terminal screen and pressing the mouse button while holding down the Option key moves the terminal cursor to the mouse cursor's position. (You can also turn off the "Global" Preferences panel option "Option-click sends cursor motion key sequences" if you want to be able to position the cursor without holding down the Option key.) You can select text on the screen with the mouse to Copy, Paste, Append, or Print. ________________________________________ Key Assignments (see IBM menus also) Key 3270 Action ________________________________________ Return Enter Shift-Return New Line Option-Return PA2 Control-Return Clear Enter Enter Shift-Tab Back-Tab Backspace Backspace, Delete ________________________________________ The Backspace key changes its behavior when the 3270 emulator is put into "Insert" mode. Ordinarily it performs a Backspace-Space-Backspace, so that the text to the right of the cursor is left in its original position. When Insert mode is ON, the Backspace key will perform a Backspace-Delete, so that the text to the right of the cursor shifts to the left. You can also use the Command, Shift, and Option keys to control which action you wish the Backspace to perform. When Command is held down while Backspace is pressed, the character to the right of the cursor is deleted, and the remaining text is shifted left. When the Option key is held down, the result is a Backspace-Delete, as is the case in Insert mode. When the Shift key is held down, the standard Backspace-Space-Backspace will be performed. If the "Views" Preferences panel item "Show cursor-buttons at left of window" is enabled, the cursor is set to button numbers which appear when you move the cursor up and down the left margin of the window. By default, these send the PF keys from 1 through 24. You can see the labels for the buttons when you click on the '?' control at the top left of the window. If the "Views" Preferences panel item "Show status bar at top of window" is enabled, there are 11 buttons at the top of the emulator window which (by default) perform actions available on 3270-type terminal keys. (See "2. Menus", "Using IBM menus" for a description of their functions.) To the right of the buttons are two counters; the left one shows the packets sent to the network, the right one shows the packets received. A "HOST BUSY" indicator appears at the top of the screen when one the host system is busy processing your command; the host will not accept new commands from an Enter or PF key until the "HOST BUSY" indicator goes off. IMPORTANT NOTE: You can enhance your communications efficiency when using the 3270 emulator by making sure that XEDIT has "SET FULLREAD OFF" in your PROFILE XEDIT file; XEDIT-based applications such as RICEMAIL may need to have this option turned off also to get optimal performance. FULLREAD mode causes an extra 2,000 bytes to be sent with every PF-keystroke in the Action menu. ___________________________________________________ Using the IBM "IBM" menu ___________________________________________________ The "IBM" menu contains 3270 Local keys which move the cursor and modify the screen without notifying the host of any changes. ________________________________________________________________ Function The Usual Effect ________________________________________________________________ "Up" Moves the cursor. "Down" " "Left" " "Right" " "Home" Move the cursor to the top left of the screen or the first input field. "BS-BLANK/BS-DEL" Backspaces and blanks (or deletes if Insert mode is on). "Delete" "BS-BLANK" "BS-DEL" "DEL" Delete the character at the cursor position. "Erase EOF" Erase from cursor to End of Field. "Erase Input" Erase all input fields on the screen. "Field-Tab" Move to the beginning of the next field. "Field-Backtab" Move to the beginning of the previous field. "Insert" Go into Insert mode (inserts characters at the cursor as long as there are spaces at the end of the current field). "Newline" Move to the beginning of the next line. "Reset" Cancel Insert or clear KBD-lock (KBD-lock is displayed on the right side of the screen). "Cursor Select" Performs light pen operation. "DUP" Enters a DUP character (may vary if not using a Macintosh font) "Field Mark" Enters a Field Mark character (ditto) "Record Separator" Enters a Record Separator character (ditto) ________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ Using the IBM "3270" menu ___________________________________________________ This menu contains Program Function (PF), Program Attention (PA), and other keys will send the current screen to the host and signal the host to interpret the screen. The interpretation of these "PF keys" varies depending on the application; "The Usual Effect" listed is the most common use of the key. ________________________________________________________________ Function The Usual Effect ________________________________________________________________ "Enter" Enter a line of text or a command. "PA1" Programmed Attention-1 (Toggles CP-mode). "PA2" Advance screen from "MOREÉ" or "HOLDING". "PA3" Programmed Attention-3 (application-defined). "Attn" Interrupts the current process. "Clear" Advances screen from "MOREÉ" and clears the input area. "SysReq" "PF1" Help "PF2" "PF3" Quit "PF4" "PF5" "PF6" "PF7" Page Back "PF8" Page Forward "PF9" "PF10" "PF11" "PF12" "PF13" "PF14" "PF15" "PF16" "PF17" "PF18" "PF19" "PF20" "PF21" "PF22" "PF23" "PF24" ________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ Using the IBM "5250" menu ___________________________________________________ The "5250" menu sends commands which allow you to use IBM 5250 commands when using the 3270 emulation. Many of the commands are similar to the commands for the 3270 (see above). ________________________________________________________________ 5250 Functions ________________________________________________________________ "Help" "3270 Help" "5250 Clear" "Print" "Attributes" "Test Req" "Roll Down" "Roll Up" "Field Exit" "Error Reset" "5250 SysReq" "Record BS" ________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ Using the IBM "Set Attributes" menu ___________________________________________________ The IBM "Set Attributes" menu allows you to select an attribute to be applied to the IBM 3279 screen. If a selection has been made, unprotected characters in the selection range are set to the selected attribute. If no selection is made, the selected attribute will be used for newly-typed characters. The attributes available in applications which support attribute entry are: ________________________________________________________________ Attribute ________________________________________________________________ "Default Color" Use field color set by host "Red" "Green" "Yellow" "Blue" "Pink" "Turquoise" "White" "Default Highlight" Use field highlight set by host "Blink" "Reverse" "Underscore" "APL Font" Enter characters from the APL alternate font ________________________________________________________________ Note that to use the APL font, you need to enter "SET APL ON" on the host. Note that the APL font is mapped differently from the "standard" IBM APL keyboard. ________________________________________________________________